Wal-Mart Financial Statement Analysis - 3307 Words

The Paul Merage School of Business at UC Irvine | Financial Statement Analysis amp; Reporting: Earnings Quality and Asset Analysis | Company - WALMART | Kian BolooriHee Jun ChungDaejune Min | 1. Qualitative Analysis for the environment and the company (1) INDUSTRY ANALYSIS Walmart is in the discount retailer industry. This industry started in the 1950s, grew in the 1960s, and matured in the 1970s. With exception to a moderate growth period in the 1990s, the industry had remained stagnant since the 1970s. Today, three major players in the industry are Walmart, Target and Costco. The state of the discount retail industry is best understood through the Porter’s Five Forces analysis. * Competition: HIGH†¦show more content†¦For example, Walmart has partnered with companies in South Africa, China, and Brazil in order to expand into those markets. These opportunities have already proven profitable and continue to be a focus for the major discount retail firms. (3) WALMART STRATEGY Walmart’s business strategy is to keep costs low and pass the savings down to the customers. Walmart accomplishes this strategy through several means. First, Walmart cuts costs in its procurement channels. Walmart cuts out the manufacturers’ representatives and works with suppliers directly. In doing so, Walmart saves 3-4% on costs. Also, Walmart is able to use its IT networks to make sure the company orders the right about of inventory from suppliers so that the Walmart stores experience neither overstock nor stock-out. Second, Walmart keeps its labor costs low. Walmart maintains a frugal culture for all employees. For example, executives at the company are prohibited from accepting meals and gifts from third parties. Additionally, Walmart provides store workers with wages and benefits that are below those given by competitors. Third, Walmart invests in ways to cut distribution costs. For example, Walmart mastered the large-scale â€Å"cross-docking† to transfer merchandise directly from inbound trucks to store-bound trucks without storing the good in its distribution centers. Through these innovations, Walmart has been able to save 3-4% onShow MoreRelatedThe Financial Health Of Is Wal Mart1193 Words   |  5 Pagesbe evaluating the financial health of is Wal-Mart. Wal-Mart Stores Incorporated, manages chains of merchandising retailers in the United States of America as well as external retailers in the United States of America. In a duration of five years, Sam Walton opened additional retailers and the number of retailers enlarged to twenty-four retailers through Arkansas. Sam Walton released the first Wal-Mart store in Arkansas, United States to the public, in 1962. The merger of Wal-Mart Stores IncorporatedRead MoreWeek 5 Assignment Final Paper1735 Words   |  7 Pages Wal-Mart Financial Analysis Report Michael Thomas ACC205: Principles of Accounting Instructor: Mark Stricklett November 10, 2014 Wal-Mart Financial Analysis Report In accounting there is much to be learned, about the financial aspects of a business. In the past five weeks I have learned the importance of financial reports and how they relate to the success of an establishment. These reports may include balance sheets and income statements, whichRead MoreAmerican Corporation Analysis1425 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿ American Corporation Analysis ACC/561 September 19, 2013 Mr. Ponteja American Corporation Analysis Wal-Mart is one of the biggest retailers not only in the United States, but also internationally. The corporation was founded in Arkansas by Sam Walton in 1962 and has grown to produce revenue of over $460 billion while employing 2.2 million employees (Seeking Alpha, 2013). Wal-Mart is known for the low cost structure and has succeeded in the retail market. Although the corporation hasRead MoreFinancial Analysis Of Costco Wholesale Corporation1576 Words   |  7 PagesFinancial Analysis of Costco Wholesale Corporation Researching companies without the annual report is like exploring a cave without a flashlight. This analysis of Costco Wholesale Corporation proves stakeholders benefit by using information published in annual reports to analyze the past, present and future financial well-being of publically traded organizations. Whether one is an investor, a commercial loan officer, financial analyst, or a manager of the corporation, the annual report providesRead MoreWal Mart s Internal Strengths1446 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Wal-Mart is a well-known American company that operates retail stores includes grocery stores and combination of general products store. Wal-Mart is the number one retail stores in U.S. and in world wide. The everyday low price plan makes Wal-Mart different from the other competitors. The company’s internal strengths includes: low-price and customer oriented, offers one stop shopping, and cost advantages and this is why customers satisfied with the Wal-Mart every day low price planRead MoreWal Mart Stores, Inc. Analysis1124 Words   |  5 PagesWal-Mart Stores, Inc. Analysis of Annual Report In 1962, Sam Walton opened the first Wal-Mart in Rogers, Arkansas. Little did Walton know that a few years later, his company would be transformed into Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. Wal-Mart officially became a publicly traded company in 1970, selling their first stock at $16.50 per share (Our History, 2016). In today’s society, Wal-Mart serves many different uses across the globe. However, their consumers are typically Americans. It is the one-stop shop forRead MoreFinancial Analysis Of Wal-Mart. Kathleen Brown. Acc 2051545 Words   |  7 Pages Financial Analysis of Wal-Mart Kathleen Brown ACC 205 Principals of Accounting I Instructor Woods February 17, 2017 Company Overview Wal-Mart Stores, Inc. is a company based in America and it was started in 1962. The company is in the retail industry and it operates grocery stores, discount stores, and hypermarkets. The company’s headquarters are located in Arkansas. According to the Fortune Global 500, Wal-Mart is categorized as the world’s leader in revenue. The company is also consideredRead MoreEssay about Equity, Cash Flow, And Notes Analysis1081 Words   |  5 PagesCash Flow, and Notes Analysis Introduction The success of a business entity depends on its ability to properly create, understand and analyze the financial statements. Financial statement analysis is important for understanding profitability and a firms financial condition. These documents help a firm in many ways, such as in making better financial decision and creating a clearer picture to attract creditors and investors. In highlighting the financial numbers for Wal-Mart, Team A will addressRead MoreCase Study1414 Words   |  6 PagesWal-Mart Case Study Introduction 1. Brief History of Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is â€Å"the giant chain of discount stores, the second largest company in the world, with over $400 billion in revenue and 2.1 million associates.† (Philip and Kevin, p94) Wal-Mart began its business in 1962 when Sam Walton, the owner of Wal-Mart, opened up his first discount store in Rogers, Arkansas (Philip and Kevin, p94). In the next two decades, Wal-Mart expanding its scale rapidly. Since 1990s, Wal-Mart started to openedRead MoreTarget Financial Analysis Paper913 Words   |  4 Pagesslightly declined in 2016 to 2017(Stock Analysis on Net, 2017a). Wal-Mart Store cash and cash equivalents declined from 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017 by 4%. Wal-Mart Stores receivables, net declined by 2.5% in 2015 to 2016 but then slightly increased to 3% in 2016 to 2017. Wal-Mart Stores inventories declined in 2015 to 2016 and from 2016 to 2017 by 1%. Wal-Mart Stores current assets declined by 1.5% in 2015 which carrier the 1.5% which carries over to 2016. Wal-Mart Stores property and equipment, net

Wedding Speech Grandmother And I Sat On Her Velvet Soft...

Grandmother and I sat on her velvet soft carpet looking in photo albums and old dusty time capsules of her past relatives, I felt peace and happiness. She told me of her mothers and fathers and what had they Asachieved in their time. Suddenly, in one of the boxes I saw a piece of green metal, the color of the Statue of Liberty. I asked Grandma what it was. â€Å"Oh Emma dear, this was my Grandmother’s lucky penny. She gave it to me and I shall give it to you. It will bring you good luck,† cooed Grandma. â€Å"You really mean it!?† â€Å"Yes,† said Grandma. When I examined it more carefully, I noticed a small silver scrape across the top of it. I asked her about it and she said, â€Å"Signs of wear my darling. This way, you will have always have a†¦show more content†¦Still, it didn’t fill the empty hole left in my heart. A few weeks later I was lying in bed with my fists clutching the penny inside, and tears running through my eyes like a million little raindrops. Drip, drop, drip, drop! Life felt very different without Grandma and Grandpa living a short five-minute walk down the street. I tried to go on with my normal life, but I still felt lonely without them. My mom suggested maybe I could sign up to play a new sport or something. The only problem with that is every time I thought of sports, it reminded me that’s the reason Grandma and Grandpa moved in the first place. But the more I thought about it, the more I realized I needed something to keep my mind on something other than missing my grandparents. Besides, basketball did look kind of fun. And one of my best friends Lauren mentioned trying out when we were eating lunch in the cafeteria last week. Two days later, on Friday, I sprang out of bed, filled with excitement and a little bit of butterflies in my stomach. It was the big day of basketball tryouts. First, I put on my brand new basketball outfit my grandparents sent me from their new store. I love getting new clothes! It even smelled new. My grandma knows me so well! Black top and on the back, the word Edwin (my last name) spelled in perfect aqua letters, with the number ten (my favorite number) under it. My school colors! For the first time since they moved, I couldn’t help but

Historical Fiction Book Report Free Essays

Furthermore, after almost 30 years of fighting, Apache leader, Greenroom finally surrendered with his armed forces to General Nelson Miles. Also during 1886, a massive and destructive hurricane demolished the town of Dianna in the state of Texas. Based on my knowledge of life in 1886, if the story were to take place in in Daly City in 2014, the story would greatly differ. We will write a custom essay sample on Historical Fiction Book Report or any similar topic only for you Order Now Roads would be evenly and more efficiently paved. Modernized cars would replace horseback transportation. Likewise, farms would be replaced by studier homes, markets, and stores. Ellen Elizabeth Hawkins features as the main character of the story. A motherless twelve-year old, Ellen is adventurous and protective of others. Ellen is spirited and is willing to journey to far off lands. As in the story, because she enjoys an adventure, Ellen sets off into the distance to go rescue her Grandfather who has mysteriously disappeared. Just as her mother, Ellen is protective of animals, family, and all living beings. She treats her mare, Detroit with respect and is always concerned of Grandpa’s safety. However, Ellen may be rebellious at times of suspense. In addition, Grandpa and Detroit, as stated before, are also two important characters of the story. Grandpa, humorous and welcoming, is the only support that is given to Ellen. He has also taught Ellen the hard life as a cowboy and the effort that it may take. Detroit, loyal and obedient, is Allen’s fierce mare and use of transportation that travels without rest or fear of what is to come. To get the story started, author Kathleen Due uses a strong introduction that describes the conflict or situation, an intense drought and its immense heat. She begins by stating the shortage of water and supplies. As said, the central problem consists of a fearful drought that is causing immense heat and water shortage. The farm windmill is broken and the herd of bulls and cows has scattered in search of water. Allen’s father is away on business and Grandpa is hurt. Ellen is now left alone with her toughest challenge to save the ranch. The central problem is soon resolved with Allen’s determination and perseverance. The drought finally comes to an end and it begins to rain. Ellen heals Grandpa’s wounds and returns the Hereford bull after a dangerous aisle. Her father is home safe and Ellen has proved her worth as a cowboy. â€Å"American Diaries: Ellen Elizabeth Hawkins† is an exciting and action-packed story. This story is similar to another story I have read, entitled â€Å"Warriors: Fire and Ice† because both main characters face tough challenges and fierce conditions. Both main characters must also prove their worth in being or becoming something. Both stories are also alike in that they revolve around a journey or conflict to find or save something. Just as in † American Diaries: How to cite Historical Fiction Book Report, Papers

All Shook Up free essay sample

â€Å"FIVE MINUTES!† screeches our teacher. My heart pounds fiercely. I’m thirsty. I have to use the bathroom. What if? â€Å"You’re going to do great,† an inmate reassures me, knowing we need each other during the rigorous opening of â€Å"All Shook Up.† Did Elvis get this nervous before a show? The overture cuts off my thought. I take center stage and a deep breath. With my back to the audience, as the lights come up, I reassure myself that this is my time to show what I can do. When you’re in a game there is room for error, but in a musical there is no room. Everything must go as planned. The lines, dances, and music are all given to us, and we are expected to bring our characters to life. We dance off the stage as the curtain closes at the end of the show, using the audience’s energy. We will write a custom essay sample on All Shook Up or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page â€Å"That was fantastic, Jesse!† â€Å"Great job, man!† â€Å"Way to rock, Chad!† For the full two hour and 30 minute show, I became Chad. Does Elvis feel this? Do actors feel this rush? My thoughts are cut off by family, friends, and teachers. I am flattered by the compliments I am given for my performance as Chad. The week is seen in the side mirrors of Chad’s motorcycle. Ten minutes before the last show starts, I look at myself in the mirror thinking about the great performances I put on that week. I stand there proud with the effort I have put in to become everything my character would be. I’m glad I was given the chance to play the character Chad in â€Å"All Shook Up.† It allowed me to learn about myself. I love the responsibility of taking on new characters. When I come to your university, I will bring the same qualities I used in â€Å"All Shook Up:† hard work, perfectionism, and a positive attitude.

The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personality free essay sample

The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personality—Demeter and Dionysus Unlike other immortal gods, who were little use to human beings, and were always marvelous, Demeter and Dionysus, known as gods of harvest, were undoubtedly humankind’s best friends; however, both of them also shouldered a tragic destiny. Unveiled their miraculous appearance, we could see that the two great gods of Earth were not only gods of reaping but also of suffering. Whenever winter came, the low temperature and the frost would wither the crops and grapes, left only shriveled braches. Suffered more than this, Dionysus would die in a terrible way with the coming of the cold: he was torn into pieces, but was always brought back to life; he died and rose again. On the other hand, Demeter would not die, but she also suffered from the painful separateness of her beloved daughter Persephone. It was well-known that both of the two divinities had another personality. We will write a custom essay sample on The Two Tragic Gods With Dual Personality or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Demeter’s anger was a horrible weapon. Mentioned in the book THE CLASSIC BESTSELLER MYTHOLOGY, Demeter could let nothing grow on Earth and turned it into a barren, leafless land. As men always called her the â€Å"Good Goddess†, she also featured a kind appearance. But among all her personalities, the idea of sorrow was foremost. But then, Dionysus, like wine was good as well as bad, also had two personal identities. He was man’s benefactor and was man’s destroyer. His wine was life-giving, and could heal several illnesses, but it was also fatal whenever you drink too much. Bringing all the good and bad things to humankind, Dionysus also was the tragic god as I mentioned above. He was also the embodiment of the life that is stronger than death, for he would rise every time he died. He was the assurance that death does not end all. Holding good and bad, reaping and suffering features, the two great gods of Earth—Demeter and Dionysus were not only mankind’s best friends but also a tragic fate sufferer.

Free Essays on Paints

 · Definition of Paint: The term â€Å"paint† and â€Å" surface coating† are often used interchangeably. Surface coating is the more general description of any material that may be applied as a thin continuous layer to a surface. Painting is distinguished from other forms of surface treatment such as electroplating, anodizing, and the lamination of the polymer film onto a surface. Paint is used to describe pigmented materials as distinct from clear films which are more properly called lacquers or varnishes. Paint is defined as â€Å"thin coatings applied to surfaces in liquid form, which gradually dry to become gradual solids†.  · Purpose of Paint: The purpose of paints and surface coatings is two-fold: 1. Aesthetic Purpose 2. Protective Purpose 3.  · Composition of Paint: à ¨Vehicle (Continuous phase): These are the components that give the paint a spread able body: 1. Binder:  · Description:  · Typical Function: -Provides the basis of continuous film, sealing or protecting the surface. -Bind together Paint or clear finish constituents -Convert liquid coating into solid film -Provides liquids with adhesive properties -Gives water resistant properties  · Criteria for selection: -method of application &cure -nature of substrate -conditions of use  · Types: 1. Drying oils: 2. Resins: -Natural -Synthetic -Oleo: a combination of oil and resins 3. Polymers: 2. Solvent/ Diluents:  · Description: -It is a colorless liquid incorporated in the paint -It is the means by which the paint may be applied -When the liquid does not dissolve the binder, it is called a diluent -It plays no long-term role in the paint film performance -Recently it is very rare that a single solvent be acceptable, and so mixtures of solvents are used. -It is avoided in a small number of compositions such as powder coatings and 100% polymerizable systems. In the polymerizable case a polymerizable monomer plays the role of solvent... Free Essays on Paints Free Essays on Paints  · Definition of Paint: The term â€Å"paint† and â€Å" surface coating† are often used interchangeably. Surface coating is the more general description of any material that may be applied as a thin continuous layer to a surface. Painting is distinguished from other forms of surface treatment such as electroplating, anodizing, and the lamination of the polymer film onto a surface. Paint is used to describe pigmented materials as distinct from clear films which are more properly called lacquers or varnishes. Paint is defined as â€Å"thin coatings applied to surfaces in liquid form, which gradually dry to become gradual solids†.  · Purpose of Paint: The purpose of paints and surface coatings is two-fold: 1. Aesthetic Purpose 2. Protective Purpose 3.  · Composition of Paint: à ¨Vehicle (Continuous phase): These are the components that give the paint a spread able body: 1. Binder:  · Description:  · Typical Function: -Provides the basis of continuous film, sealing or protecting the surface. -Bind together Paint or clear finish constituents -Convert liquid coating into solid film -Provides liquids with adhesive properties -Gives water resistant properties  · Criteria for selection: -method of application &cure -nature of substrate -conditions of use  · Types: 1. Drying oils: 2. Resins: -Natural -Synthetic -Oleo: a combination of oil and resins 3. Polymers: 2. Solvent/ Diluents:  · Description: -It is a colorless liquid incorporated in the paint -It is the means by which the paint may be applied -When the liquid does not dissolve the binder, it is called a diluent -It plays no long-term role in the paint film performance -Recently it is very rare that a single solvent be acceptable, and so mixtures of solvents are used. -It is avoided in a small number of compositions such as powder coatings and 100% polymerizable systems. In the polymerizable case a polymerizable monomer plays the role of solvent...

Animal Rights Style and Subsrance An Assesment Essay

Animal Rights Style and Subsrance An Assesment - Essay Example Why Worry About the Animals (Elshtain, 1995, pp 424-432). There is no doubt that the writer is morally opposed to the 'use and abuse' of animals and uses this piece to appeal on a deeply emotional level. This is made immediately apparent by the list of 'factual' information she presents - which succeeds at once in horrifying and shocking the reader. Rational analysis suggests this could be interpreted as a misrepresentation of references, as the statements stand alone without contextual support. However, they do signal intent and are backed up by the use of the words of an 'expert witness', biologist John E. McArdle (McArdle as cited in Elshtain) The philosophical references to Descarte and Kant, and to Western rationalism are a form of 'post hoc ergo propter hoc', used to affect the emotions and coupled with grisly visual imagery. No matter how a reader thinks, words such as "confine, cripple, infect or dismember animals in the interest of human knowledge.." (Elshtain, 425) are emotionally loaded and very persuasive. Historical information regarding the growth of animal welfare groups and the inclusion of feminist connections add weight to the argument in favor of abandoning practices that harm animals. This is supported by facts on animal suffering in various situations, ranging from factory farming to radiation, from laboratory conditions to the LD50 testing for household products' toxicity. Personal anecdotal material is used to express the writer's view; her own experience as a polio victim, the visit to the slaughterhouse are both emotional issues and images which are rationalized to contribute to the stance that, "We humans do not deserve peace of min on this issue. "Our sleep should be troubled and our days riddled with ethical difficulties." (Elshtain 431) The writer continues with more horrifying detail, to the Us vs Them discourse, by appealing to the reader as one of those 'reasonable people' who would not let this state of affairs continue. This is a powerful and personal piece of writing, incorporating plenty of factual material, posing the moral argument emotionally, and ultimately disturbing, while appealing to the basic ethical desire to do no harm to any living creature. The Moral Case for Experimentation on Animals. H. J. McCloskey (1987) The article opens like a courtroom speech from a few hundred years ago; it appears as a structured defense of a concept that will be proved unquestionably innocent and right. As such, it comes across as rhetorically authoritative and sets out to convince the reader that "the moral caserests both on the goods to be realized, the evils to be avoided thereby, and on the duty to respect persons and to secure them in their natural and moral rights." (McCloskey 1987, 458) By constant repetition of words such as 'prima facie' 'persons' and 'justification' the writer establishes authority, apparently in the fields of law, ethics, medicine and the treatment of animals, not to mention philosophy as a whole. By his detailed explanation of the morally correct way to treat experimental animals, he appears to be equivocating when he

Baroque art Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Baroque art - Essay Example Dutch art is insightful of the Protestant Reformation. Frans Hals was the foremost painter in the seventeenth century Haalem, a city in Dutch whose affluence developed from brewing beer and making extravagance fabrics. Even though Hals painted various scenes of every day’s life, he was essentially a portraitist. His outstanding group portraits of the public guards and administrators of helpful foundations, all of which are in the Netherlands, are particularly famous. To avoid flattery, Hals illustrated his sitters with a dynamic honesty that called for their strong, informal tastes. Winning political freedom from Spain in 1648 and the liberty to devotion in the new protestant belief, the Dutch Republic was as well immensely rich from overseas trade. Dutch burghers, even as they took considerable pride in material ownership, they were still socially traditional, most holding to a reserved and an uncomplicated lifestyle. Some of his paintings illustrated the various strata in th e society. By firm religious rule, the early Protestants dressed in only black and white outfits, despite the cost of the fabrics. Hals revolved the bare clothing to an advantage, making use of the neutral outfits to begin his sitters’ complexions beside light tan or dark gray environment. To evaluate Hals’ varying styles, it is useful to look carefully at fine points, like lace collars, that he handled in a different way during his progress. Two features of hands, separated by almost twenty years, indicate a development in Hals’ technique.

Theodora Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Theodora - Essay Example She was a monophysite Christian while her husband was an orthodox Christian. The fact that law had to be changed proves that Theodora came from a lowly background but despite her background her influence on others was immense. Despite her background she could exert tremendous influence on her husband, on Byzantine politics and law. She first influenced Justinian with her wit, beauty and insight. There were difficulties in marrying her because of her background so he made her his mistress. She could influence the then emperor Justin in to changing the laws so that she could marry Justinian. Thus she earned the respect of her husband. She had tremendous influence on various people, issues and particularly workings of the state. She exerted significant influence on matters of law pertaining to women. She was treated as an intellectual partner and her suggestions had strong influence on the political decisions of the empire. For instance, when two factions came into existence and threatened to end Justinian’s rule, she influenced the generals and the officials to stay in the city and take strong action to suppress the rebellion. She was consulted when they wanted to introduce reforms to end corruption by public officials. She is even credited with supporting her husband in providing advice during the Nika revolt. She exerted influence by participating in making the laws and handling diplomatic functions usually reserved for the emperor. Several achievements and accomplishments show how powerful a woman Theodora was of her time. The Nika Revolt was the first incident that brought her to limelight. This full scale revolt almost toppled the regime. When there was debate whether to run away in ships or to remain where they were, Theodora rose to speak. Her speech was such that it could be compared to a speech made by the senator to the insurgents. She acknowledged

Importance Of Civil Engineering in Britain

Importance Of Civil Engineering in Britain Civil Engineering is the key to many of the issues affecting our daily lives. Civil engineers solve most problems and make our live easy and enjoyable. Civil engineering covers several specialized sectors including: buildings of all kinds as well as transport and communications infrastructure, production, storage and distribution of electricity gas and water. Most everything civil engineers do affects our daily lives in many ways. The operation of the infrastructure that surrounds us is the foundation of our society. This infrastructure includes roads, airports, railroads, buildings, bridges, water and wastewater treatment plants, sewers, drainage, flood control, water supply, landfills, and many other facilities. All these are the jobs for Civil Engineers. This essay is about importance of civil engineering in Britain and roles of civil engineering in Britain. I will do this by explaining water sewers, buildings, roads, stadiums development, wastewater treatment plants, energy development, york eco depot, airports, railroads, bridges and, sewers, drainage, flood control and water supply. Civil Engineers saved time, money and resources by demolishing an old seven-storey building in Londons Buckingham Palace Road and replacing it with a new building that re-used the foundation of the original building. This technique reduced construction risks associated digging new foundations in London clay near the Circle and District Underground line. If more new piles had simply been installed between existing ones this would have restricted the future development of the site. Great care was taken to prevent water produced during drilling from swelling the clay and reducing the strength of the foundations. Other challenges included testing the structural integrity of the original piles and identifying their exact location as the original pen and ink drawings only showed the building as designed, not as it was actually constructed. The essential engineering work to ease congestion around Heathrow Airport would have caused chaos along a 23km stretch of the M25. M25 is regarded as on of the busiest motorway in Europe, visit [http://www.bbcel.co.uk/news/631_key-milestone-complete-on-m25-junction-16-23 ]. As well as ensuring construction work did not create traffic jams engineers also had to find clever ways of widening the road within existing highway boundaries and without using any new land. Getting land from the motor ways central reservations as well as the hard shoulders and verges of the motor ways, the civil engineers increased Junctions 12 to 14 from four lanes to five lanes as well the Junction 15 from four lanes to six. Around ninety percentage of material used for this construction was recovered from the site and recycled. This technique not just reduced the congestion but also transport needed for the construction. On the night, when the natural awareness in so small and traffic queues are so small, the line closures are scheduled. This project was completed in 2005 before the time allocated without being seen the traffice congestions expected before the project has been started. Engineers worked together to define unique characteristics of the Wembley Stadium and create a new English national football stadium that just looks like the original old building. While most modern stadium are orientated North-South so that the players seen well on afternoon sun, this new stadium is orientated East-West, just like the original Wembley (thanks to knowledge of the civil engineers). Visit http://www.wembleystadium.com/buildingwembley for more information regarding this project. On sunny days the South side of the roof is retracted so the whole pitch is in sunlight. This avoids valuable seconds of play being lost to broadcasters as television cameras adjust from bright sun to shadow. The iconic arch spans 315m, are visible for over 20km, carries 70% of the roof load and removes the need for any structural columns. This means that, unlike the old stadium, all 90,000 seats has unobstructed views of the pitch. [http://www.wembleystadium.com/buildingwembley] To solve the crisis Hampshire and its partners created an action plan to reduce waste, increase composting and recycling, support anaerobic digestion, adopt recovery technologies and create up to five new facilities to process up to 200,000 tones of waste annually. The new Chineham Energy Recovery Facility is exceptional because engineers altered a standard building format to fit the small 1.4-hectare site of a former Basingstoke incinerator. The facility produces up to 8MW of power of which 1.25MW is used to operates the plant. The remaining 6.75MW is sufficient to supply 10,000 homes with electricity each year. The building is partly clad in light-reactive coated aluminum that changes color depending on light levels and weather to appear grey, blue or purple. Semi-opaque polycarbonate cladding allows natural light into the building and reduces electricity use. The tipping hall has a living roof covered with plants that change color seasonally and require no maintenance. Visit www.v eoliaenvironmentalservices.co.uk/Hampshire for more information regarding this project. Beddington Zero Energy Development, (BedZED) is regarded as an eye-catching and affordable housing community in South East England. Civil engineers worked to reduce the energy demands of 100 homes and 2,500m2 of commercial space, according to http://www.bioregional.com/what-we-do/our-work/bedzed. The civil engineers reduced the demand for energy with renewable resources including passive solar heating and wood-fuelled combined heat and power. These energy sources resulted by reducing fuel carbon dioxide emissions into the atmosphere to as well fossil energy development to zero. While BedZEDs tenants are assured an efficient energy lifestyles by using the techniques used by engineers to reduce the amount of energy they require. Visit www.bioregional.com for more information regarding this project. The civil engineers used their to help City of York Council to move its department for housing, waste and roads from an expensive to an attractive new cheaper building. The civil engineers knowledge resulted in using a technique that maximizes natural light and ventilation by using sensors that detect high temperature, rain or high wind and open and close windows accordingly. Rainfalls from the roof of the building is collected in what is known as the underground tanks and used to wash vehicles. This resulted by reducing water consumption around fifty percentage. The warehouse construction also reduces energy use by up to seventy-six percentages and the Carbon Dioxide (CO2) emissions by up to one hundred and fifty five tones annually if compared when building to a traditionally built, air-conditioned office of the same size. The warehouse also includes an Interpretation Room that could be used for education of the community in the City of York Council. Visit [www.carillionplc.com ] for more information regarding this project. My conclusion is that the water we drink, the pavement we drive on, the air we breathe are the work of civil and environmental engineers literally surrounds us all. Transport systems join our communities together. Road, rail, air and sea networks span the world. All these are the work for civil engineers. Civil Engineers help us trade, travel, exchange ideas and information, and gain employment, healthcare and education. Our civilization is developing, but so too is our demand for electricity. Civil engineers are committed to protecting our natural resources, designing structures that use as little energy as possible. When it comes to providing energy for the entire planet, engineers are using nature to meet the needs of today and tomorrow. We should be proud of our civilization today, and its many great achievements. By applying the latest technologies, civil engineers can save structures and monuments from the distant past so that they can still be enjoyed well into the future. Civil engineers are using designs and materials that will protect our natural and cultural heritage for future generations. The civil engineering knowledge cannot be regarded as a new subject. It has been around for so many hundred years back to the Romans (for their ancient Roman civilization), Egyptians (best known for their building of the pyramids) and Mayans (the Mayans are people from America that have a history or around three thousand years) who built great civilizations before us, our civilization relies more than ever on the civil engineers whom the work on all the environment in and around us, such as the road, the bridges, the libraries, the buses, the trains, the aero planes, the water we consume in our every day life, the toilets that we use, the cars we drive, the houses we sleep, the shelters that we cover from the cold and hot and the many more things that we use in our daily life without them the life would now have been as the one we have today.

Saint Edmund (written From His View Point) :: essays research papers

  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Hi. My name is Edmund,now called Saint Edmund, the mart- yer. I was born in Surrey in 841. My mother was thought to have been royalty and my father died at a young age in was. When I was fourteen, I became the youngest King of the Anglo-Saxton Kingdom of East Anglia. When I first met King Offa, he was taken by my devout faith,sincerity, and virtues. He had no heirs and so he adopted me. Soon after, he died and I became king.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The people of my kingdom thought I was sent from God because of Christianity. They thought I had come to rescue His faithful people and save them from poverty and dispair. I was marked from the start to become king and destined for sainthood. Because I sailed by boat to my new kingdom, the people thought I had come from a mysterious land of myth. I was their hero and savior. My reign as king saw a massive invasion of the Vikings, which I fought valiantly.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The end was near, but I was not afraid. I beleived God was with me. My troops were defeated and I was taken prisioner by the Vikings, but I still did not lose my faith.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On November 20, 870, the Danish leader,Ingwar, ordered his men to tie me to a tree and torture me, to denounce my God and my faith. They first stripped me of my royality. Surrounded by several groups of cheering, ugly men, they shot at me with arrows, whipped, and clubbed me. I did not waiver, but became stronger in my beleif in God and salvation. I would make the ultimate sacrifice for my God, a sacrifice of love and life, and so I prayed. The Danes soon tired of my undying faith and courage,and beheaded me. My body was to be tossed into the underbrush to be forgotten, but my head they continued to abuse because I would not say the words they wanted to hear.

Indian Footwear Market

Brochure More information from http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/594216/ Indian Footwear Industry Analysis Description: Standing on the threshold of a retail revolution and witnessing a fast changing retail landscape, the Indian footwear market is set to experience the phenomenal growth in coming years. In past few years too, the market has seen robust growth, says â€Å"Indian Footwear Industry Analysis† report. This report provides extensive research and in-depth analysis on the Indian footwear market.The detailed data and analysis given in the report will help the client to evaluate the leading-edge opportunities critical to the success of the footwear market in India. The forecasts and estimations given in this report are not based on a complex economic model, but are intended as a rough guide to the direction in which the market is likely to move. This forecast is based on a correlation between past market growth and growth of base drivers.Key Findings – The Indian footwear retail market is expected to grow at a CAGR of over 20% for the period spanning from 2008 to 2011. – Footwear is expected to comprise about 60% of the total leather exports by 2011 from over 38% in 2006-07. – Presently, the Indian footwear market is dominated by Men’s footwear market that accounts for nearly 58% of the total Indian footwear retail market. – By products, the Indian footwear market is dominated by casual footwear market that makes up for nearly two-third of the total footwear retail market. As footwear retailing in India remain focused on men’s shoes, there exists a plethora of opportunities in the exclusive ladies’ and kids’ footwear segment with no organized retailing chain having a national presence in either of these categories. – The Indian footwear market scores over other footwear markets as it gives benefits like low cost of production, abundant raw material, and has huge consumption m arket. – The footwear component industry also has enormous opportunity for growth to cater to increasing production of footwear of various types, both for export and domestic market.Key Issues & Facts Analyzed Where India stands in the global footwear market? What are the advantages that Indian footwear market gives? What is the past and future performance of Indian footwear market? Which are the fastest growing products of Indian footwear market? What are the growth prospects of the Indian footwear market? What are the key challenges for the footwear market? What is the present status of ethnic footwear market in India? Who are the key players in the Indian footwear market? Key Players This section provides business overview and financial status of key players in the Indian footwear market.The key players discussed in the report are Bata India Ltd. , Liberty Shoe Ltd. , Khadim India Ltd. , Adidas AG, NIKE Inc. and Puma AG. Research Methodology Used Information Sources Inform ation has been sourced from books, newspapers, trade journals, and white papers, industry portals, government agencies, trade associations, monitoring industry news and developments, and through access to more than 3000 paid databases. Analysis Methods The analysis method includes ratio analysis, historical trend analysis, linear regression analysis using software tools, judgmental forecasting, and cause and effect analysis.Contents: 1. Analyst View 2. Global Footwear Market 2. 1 By Value 2. 2 By Volume 2. 3 By Region 3. India in Context of Global Footwear Market 3. 1 By Production 3. 2 By Consumption 3. 3 By Export 4. Factors Making the Indian Footwear Market Attractive 4. 1 Low Cost of Production 4. 2 Variety & Abundance of Raw Material 4. 3 Large Domestic Consumption Market 4. 4 World Class Institutional Support for Designing & Testing 4. 5 Growing Fashion & Brand Consciousness 4. 6 Rising Living Standard 4. 7 Increasing Use of Credit Cards 4. 8 Government Support 5. Indian Footw ear Market 5. Overview 5. 2 Regional Segmentation 5. 3 Market Performance 5. 3. 1 By Product 5. 3. 1. 1 Casual Footwear 5. 3. 1. 2 Mass Footwear 5. 3. 1. 3 Sports Footwear 5. 3. 1. 4 Premium Leather Footwear 5. 3. 1. 5 Premium Non-leather Footwear 5. 3. 2 By Target Segment 5. 3. 2. 1 Men’s Footwear 5. 3. 2. 2 Women’s Footwear 5. 3. 2. 3 Children’s Footwear 5. 3. 3 By Branded & Non-branded 5. 3. 4 By Structure 5. 3. 4. 1 Organized Footwear 5. 3. 4. 2 Unorganized Footwear 5. 3. 5 By Component 5. 3. 6 By Material 5. 3. 6. 1 Leather Footwear 5. 3. 6. 2 Non-leather Footwear 6.Indian Ethnic Footwear Market 7. Future Growth Prospects 7. 1 Women & Kids Footwear 7. 2 International Brands 7. 3 Franchised Operations 7. 4 RFID & Barcode Readers 7. 5 Employment 8. Growth Restraints 8. 1 Environmental Issues 8. 2 Lack of Proper Distribution Channels 8. 3 Lack of Quality Retail Space 8. 4 Labor Laws 8. 5 Increasing Thefts & Frauds 9. Future of Indian Footwear Market 9. 1 Footw ear Retail Market 9. 1. 1 By Value 9. 1. 2 By Volume 9. 2 Footwear Export Market 10. Key Industry Contributors 10. 1 Indian Brands 10. 1. 1 Bata India Ltd. 10. 1. 2 Liberty Shoes Ltd. 0. 1. 3 Khadim India Ltd. 10. 2 Global Brands 10. 2. 1 Adidas AG 10. 2. 2 NIKE, Inc. 10. 2. 3 Puma AG List of Tables Table Table Table Table Table Table Table 4-1: Emerging Economies – Comparative Per Hour Labor Cost (in US$), 2006 6-1: India – List of Ethnic Footwear by State 10-1: Bata India Ltd. – Key Financials (%), 2006 & Mar 2007 10-2: Liberty Shoes Ltd. – Key Financials (%), Jun 2007 & Dec 2007 10-3: Adidas AG – Key Financials (%), 2006 & Sep 2007 10-4: NIKE, Inc. – Key Financials (%), Nov 2007 & Dec 2007 10-5: Puma AG – Key Financials (%), 2006 & Sep 2007List of Figures Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figu re Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure Figure 2-1: Global* – Footwear Market (in Billion US$), 2003-2007 2-2: Global* – Footwear Market (in Billion Pair), 2003-2007 2-3: Global – Footwear Production by Region (%), 2005 2-4: Global – Footwear Consumption by Region (%), 2005 3-1: Global – Leading Footwear Producing Countries (%), 2005 3-2: Global – Leading Footwear Consuming Countries (%), 2005 3-3: India – Share of Leather Footwear Export in Global Import (%), 2002-2005 3-4: India – Share of Non-leather Footwear Export in Global Import (%), 2002-2005 3-5: Emerging Economies* – Top Ten Footwear Exporters (%), 2006 3-6: India – Footwear Export by Destination (%), 2004-05 4-1: India – Population (in Million), 2002-2007E 4-2: India – Forecast for Population (in Million), 2008-2012 4-3: India – Per Head Disposable Income (in US$), 2002-2007E 4-4: India – Fore cast for Per Head Disposable Income (in US$), 2008-2012 5-1: India – Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-2: India – Footwear Retail Market (in Billion Pair), 2003-2007 5-3: India – Share of Rural & Urban Regions in Clothing & Footwear Consumption (%), 2005 5-4: India – Footwear Retail Market* by Product (%), 2006 5-5: India – Casual FootwearRetail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-6: India – Mass Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-7: India – Sports Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-8: India – Premium Leather Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-9: India – Premium Non-leather Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-10: India – Footwear Retail Market* by Target Segment (%), 2006 5-11: India – Men’s Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-12: India – Women’s Footwear Ret ail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-13: India – Children’s Footwear Retail Market (in Million Pair), 2006 & 2007E 5-14: India – Share of Branded & Non-branded Footwear Market (%), 2007 5-15: India – Structure of Footwear Retail Market (%), 2006 5-16: India – Share of Footwear Market in Organized Retail Sector (%), 2005 5-17: India – Organized Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-18: India – Unorganized Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2004-2007E 5-19: India – Export of Footwear Component (in Million US$), 2003-04 to 2006-07 5-20: India – Export of Footwear Component by Destination (%), 2006-07 5-21: India – Export of Leather Footwear (in Million US$), 2001-02 to 2006-07 5-22: India – Export of Non-leather Footwear (in Million US$), 2004-05 to 2006-07 7-1: India – RFID Consideration by Retailer (%), 2008F Figure Figure Figure Figure 7-2: 9-1: 9-2: 9-3: India India India Ind ia – Retailers Using Barcode Technology (%), 2005 Forecast for Footwear Retail Market (in Rs Crore), 2008-2011 Forecast for Footwear Retail Market (in Billion Pair), 2008-2012 Export of Footwear (in Billion US$), 2007 & 2011F Ordering: Order Online – http://www. researchandmarkets. com/reports/594216/ Order by Fax – using the form below Order by Post – print the order form below and send to Research and Markets, Guinness Centre, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Page 1 of 2 Fax Order FormTo place an order via fax simply print this form, fill in the information below and fax the completed form to 646-6071907 (from USA) or +353-1-481-1716 (from Rest of World). If you have any questions please visit http://www. researchandmarkets. com/contact/ Order Information Please verify that the product information is correct and select the format(s) you require. Product Name: Web Address: Office Code: Indian Footwear Industry Analysis http://www. researchandmarkets. com /reports/594216/ OC8DIRPSLSSVST Product Formats Please select the product formats and quantity you require: Quantity Electronic Single User: Hard Copy: CD ROM: Electronic Enterprisewide: EUROâ‚ ¬ 466. 00 EUROâ‚ ¬ 544. 00 + Euro â‚ ¬50 Shipping/Handling EUROâ‚ ¬ 544. 00 + Euro â‚ ¬50 Shipping/Handling EUROâ‚ ¬ 699. 00 Shipping/Handling is only charged once per order. Contact Information Please enter all the information below in BLOCK CAPITALS Title: First Name: Email Address: * Job Title: Organisation: Address: City: Postal / Zip Code: Country: Phone Number: Fax Number: * Please refrain from using free email accounts when ordering (e. g. Yahoo, Hotmail, AOL) Mr Mrs Dr Miss Last Name: Ms Prof Page 1 of 2 Payment Information Please indicate the payment method you would like to use by selecting the appropriate box. Pay by credit card: American Express Diners Club Master Card Visa Cardholder's Name Cardholder's Signature Expiry Date Card Number CVV Number Issue Date (fo r Diners Club only) Pay by check:Please post the check, accompanied by this form, to: Research and Markets, Guinness Center, Taylors Lane, Dublin 8, Ireland. Please transfer funds to: Account number Sort code Swift code IBAN number Bank Address 833 130 83 98-53-30 ULSBIE2D IE78ULSB98533083313083 Ulster Bank, 27-35 Main Street, Blackrock, Co. Dublin, Ireland. Pay by wire transfer: If you have a Marketing Code please enter it below: Marketing Code: Please note that by ordering from Research and Markets you are agreeing to our Terms and Conditions at http://www. researchandmarkets. com/info/terms. asp Please fax this form to: (646) 607-1907 or (646) 964-6609 – From USA +353-1-481-1716 or +353-1-653-1571 – From Rest of World

Health to Employer and Employee Essay Example

Health to Employer and Employee Essay Example Health to Employer and Employee Paper Health to Employer and Employee Paper In today’s scenario the work place and its environment play a key role in our day to day lives. A typical work day for an average individual comprises nine of his or hers waking hours of the day. It comprises a large portion of the day and goes without saying that it has an important bearing on the overall mental and physical well being of an individual. Organizations are increasingly recognizing that employee health and well being are key determinants of productivity and hence organizational health in terms of money, time and effort. A software consultancy firm’s mission statement written on their transport vehicles exemplifies this, â€Å"The human side of business†. Today health is an important consideration. In fact the US governments program, â€Å"Healthy People 2010† outlines various on going programs concerning the health of US citizens.     For the purpose of this discussion we concentrate on one aspect concerning employer employee relationship that is health. When one considers health at the work place we cannot escape the three basic requirements, clean air and water and healthy food. These are often taken for granted by employees. For an employer providing these three basic requirements are not considerations only of the law and costs but also have bearing on productivity. For example, the presence of allergens in the air in a factory, we can see would impact the employee’s health. Allergies are not life threatening usually but are associated with considerable morbidity. For the employer it would mean absence from work and loss of man hours. Providing food for the employee in large organizations is a challenge. At the minimum an employee would have one meal and one snack at work. He can only eat what is offered and providing the healthy food would be the employer’s choice. To choose healthy food is today almost a prerequisite, given the increasing awareness and health consciousness of the general population What does employee health mean for the employer?   The old paradigm of healthy body healthy mind would change in today’s context. Today the employer’s paradigm would be healthy mind healthy body. The mental status of the employee effects his motivation. His motivation determines his output both qualitative and quantitative. That is why employers spend a lot of time and money in employee motivation. Many have Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) that provide basic mental health services for their employees. A motivated employee is productive and has greater chances of gaining in the rewards system of the company. It is a win-win situation. Providing clean air may not be in total control of the employer when one relates it to occupational asthma and allergies. The nature of the business environment, for example a factory dealing with chemicals, may throw up a variety allergens in spite of the stipulated precautions. â€Å"There is little or no evidence to guide the occupational physician for effective management of prospective employees with preexisting or current history of asthma† (Gannon, 2005, p. 586). It would be in the interest of both the employer as well as the employee if the pre-employment screening included test for asthma in fact occupational asthma accounts for 10% of adult onset asthma ( Tarlo and Liss, cited in Gannon, 2005, p. 586). This is a sufficiently large number for employers with a high risk business like a chemical factory to screen its prospective employees. This would benefit both the employer and employee. For the prospective employee it would prevent a great deal of morbidity. Also it gives the employee and employer a choice to weigh the benefits verses the risks. The approach to the problem could be both a medical and a management issue. But it is clear that clean allergen free air is important to both the employee and employer. Employee and employer would need to meet midway to manage a potential health issue should it arise despite all precautions. The center for disease control and prevention (CDC) is a premiere public health services agency of the federal government of the USA that has a web site that has a lot of information regarding disease control. On work site food the CDC promotes work place practice and policies that promote healthy food choices whenever food is made available at the work place. Healthy Worksite Food, 2008). According to the CDC in 1995 it was estimated that $ 9.3 billion was lost in productivity due to morbidity associated with chronic diseases, like cardio vascular diseases diabetes, that was attributed to poor diet. Clearly diet is an important factor to consider at the work place for employees and employers. Medical literature clearly links diet to health. Frequent meetings and conferences would contribute to poor diet if unhealthy food is served. Some thing as simple as tea of coffee, accompanied with sugar and milk would up set the energy balance of an individual and be a contributing factor to overweight and obesity. For an employer the cost of serving healthy food could be little different. Serving foods rich in fiber, more fruits and vegetables would have its implications for productivity. It would be prudent to consider how much their share of the pie the $ 9.3 billion loss is, in the absence of any in house estimates. It would benefit the employee too in reducing the risk of disease. So in another basic requirement, food is important health indicator that benefits employee and employer. It becomes increasingly clear that health is important to employee and employer. The employer has screening programs prior to employment but since health contributes to motivation of the employee and thus productivity, Employee Assistance Programs (EAPs) become the need of the hour. EAPs become all the more necessary because problems like allergies and asthma may manifest after the employee joins the work force. Teich. JL Buck JA reported that in a survey conducted in 2001, 17 percent of the firms offered EAP’s and the percentage offering EAPs go up depending on the size of the company (Psychiatry Services, 2003). What are the problems that would affect the mental health of an employee? In the same survey employee reported that their EAPs provided counseling and referral services for work or family issues. Employers must recognize that EAPs are just a way of telling the employees that the organization cares for every individual of the company. How an employee is treated contributes to their mental well being. All like to be treated fairly and with justice. This was clearly seen in a prospective cohort study on organizational justice and health of the employees. The study concluded that the extent to which people are treated with justice in the work place independently predicts their health. (Kivimaki M, Elovainio M, Vahtera J, Ferrie JE, 2003, p. 27). Low versus high justice of decision making procedure was associated with a 41 percent higher risk of sickness absence in men and a 12 percent higher risk in women. Any absence affects the employer to a large extent. Crucial projects could get delayed impact the organizations clients. At every level of interaction between employer and employee health is important to both. Health has not only physical and mental implications but also a large socioeconomic consideration affecting both employer and employee. An important aspect in today’s economic scenario is organizational downsizing. Retrenchment due to a variety of reasons, mainly economics, has a large social impact but few would consider the implications it has on health. A study published in the British Medical Journal throws some light on this issue. The key learning for the study was that, â€Å"the threat of job loss due to downsizing results in increased morbidity. The increase seemed to be mediated not only through job insecurity but also through increased job demands and lowered job controle.†(Kivimaki M, Vahtera J, Pentti J, Ferrie JE, 2000, p. 975) In summary the implication health has for the employer and employee clearly outline the importance it should be given in an employee employer relationship. Every individual has a moral responsibility for ones health. The family would suffer due to ill health of an individual. Work is a source that provides for the family’s needs and lifestyle of individual members. If work becomes a source of ill health then the family suffers it is not a single individual that is affected but all members. Employers recognize this and provide for the employee’s health depending on the size of the organization. The overall well being on an organization depends to a large extent on the physical and mental health of its employee’s. The health of the two is interconnected. References Gannon, P,( 2005), Pre-employment Assessment and   Health Surveillance for Employees Exposed to occupational Asthmagens, Occupational medicine, 2005, 55,586-587. cdc.gov/nccdphp/dnpa/hwi/polocies/ Healthy Work Site Food, (2008), Choosing Foods and Beverages for Healthy Meetings conferences and events, Retrieved on May 15, 2008, from the CDC a part of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Database Kavimaki, M. Vahtera, J, Pentti, J, Ferrie JE, (2000), Factors Underlying the effect of Organzational Downsizing on Health of Employees, British Medical Journal, 320, 971-975. Kivimaki, M, Elovania M, vahtera, J Ferrie, JE, (2003), Organsational Justice and Health of Employees, Occup. Environ. Med, 60, 27-34. Teich, JL, and Buck JA, http://psychservices.psychiatryonline.org, (2003). Mental Health Services in Employee Assistance Programs, 2001, 54, 611. Retrieved on May, 15, 2008, from the APA database

The Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis

The Difference Between Mitosis and Meiosis Mitosis vs Meiosis Organisms grow and reproduce through cell division. In eukaryotic cells, the production of new cells occurs as a result of mitosis and meiosis. These two nuclear division processes are similar but distinct. Both processes involve the division of a diploid cell, or a cell containing two sets of chromosomes (one chromosome donated from each parent). In mitosis, the genetic material (DNA) in a cell is duplicated and divided equally between two cells. The dividing cell goes through an ordered series of events called the cell cycle. The mitotic cell cycle is initiated by the presence of certain growth factors or other signals that indicate that the production of new cells is needed. Somatic cells of the body replicate by mitosis. Examples of somatic cells include fat cells, blood cells, skin cells, or any body cell that is not a sex cell. Mitosis is necessary to replace dead cells, damaged cells, or cells that have short life spans. Meiosis is the process by which gametes (sex cells) are generated in organisms that reproduce sexually. Gametes are produced in male and female gonads  and  contain one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. New gene combinations are introduced in a population through the genetic recombination that occurs during meiosis. Thus, unlike the two genetically identical cells produced in mitosis, the meiotic cell cycle produces four cells that are genetically different. Key Takeaways: Mitosis vs Meiosis Mitosis and meiosis are nuclear division processes that occur during cell division.Mitosis involves the division of body cells, while meiosis involves the division of sex cells.The division of a cell occurs once in mitosis but twice in meiosis.Two daughter cells are produced after mitosis and cytoplasmic division, while four daughter cells are produced after meiosis.Daughter cells resulting from mitosis are diploid, while those resulting from meiosis are haploid.Daughter cells that are the product of mitosis are genetically identical. Daughter cells produced after meiosis are genetically diverse.Tetrad formation occurs in meiosis but not mitosis. Differences Between Mitosis and Meiosis Lily Anther Microsporocyte in Telophase II of Meiosis. Ed Reschke/Photolibrary/Getty Images 1. Cell Division Mitosis: A somatic cell divides once. Cytokinesis (the division of the cytoplasm) occurs at the end of telophase.Meiosis: A reproductive cell divides twice. Cytokinesis happens at the end of telophase I and telophase II. 2. Daughter Cell Number Mitosis: Two daughter cells are produced. Each cell is diploid containing the same number of chromosomes.Meiosis: Four daughter cells are produced. Each cell is haploid containing one-half the number of chromosomes as the original cell. 3. Genetic Composition Mitosis: The resulting daughter cells in mitosis are genetic clones (they are genetically identical). No recombination or crossing over occur.Meiosis: The resulting daughter cells contain different combinations of genes. Genetic recombination occurs as a result of the random segregation of homologous chromosomes into different cells and by the process of crossing over (transfer of genes between homologous chromosomes). 4. Length of Prophase Mitosis: During the first mitotic stage, known as prophase, chromatin condenses into discrete chromosomes, the nuclear envelope breaks down, and spindle fibers form at opposite poles of the cell. A cell spends less time in prophase of mitosis than  a cell  in prophase I of meiosis.Meiosis: Prophase I consists of five stages and lasts longer than prophase of mitosis. The five stages of meiotic prophase I are leptotene, zygotene, pachytene, diplotene, and diakinesis. These five stages do not occur in mitosis. Genetic recombination and crossing over take place during prophase I. 5. Tetrad Formation Mitosis: Tetrad formation does not occur.Meiosis: In prophase I, pairs of homologous chromosomes line up closely together forming what is called a tetrad. A tetrad consists of four chromatids (two sets of sister chromatids). 6. Chromosome Alignment in Metaphase Mitosis: Sister chromatids (duplicated chromosome comprised of two identical chromosomes connected at the centromere region) align at the metaphase plate (a plane that is equally distant from the two cell poles).Meiosis: Tetrads (homologous chromosome pairs) align at the metaphase plate in metaphase I. 7. Chromosome Separation Mitosis: During anaphase, sister chromatids separate and begin migrating centromere first toward opposite poles of the cell. A separated sister chromatid becomes known as daughter chromosome and is considered a full chromosome.Meiosis: Homologous chromosomes migrate toward opposite poles of the cell during anaphase I. Sister chromatids do not separate in anaphase I. Mitosis and Meiosis Similarities Plant cell in Interphase. In interphase, the cell is not undergoing cell division. The nucleus and chromatin are evident. Ed Reschke/Getty Images While the processes of mitosis and meiosis contain a number of differences, they are also similar in many ways. Both processes have a growth period called interphase, in which a cell replicates its genetic material and organelles in preparation for division. Both mitosis and meiosis involve phases: Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase and Telophase. Although in meiosis, a cell goes through these cell cycle phases twice. Both processes also involve the lining up of individual duplicated chromosomes, known as sister chromatids, along the metaphase plate. This happens in metaphase of mitosis and metaphase II of meiosis. In addition, both mitosis and meiosis involve the separation of sister chromatids and the formation of daughter chromosomes. This event occurs in anaphase of mitosis and anaphase II of meiosis. Finally, both processes end with the division of the cytoplasm that produces individual cells.

Not Guilty by Reasons of Insanity Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Not Guilty by Reasons of Insanity - Assignment Example According to the research findings, it can, therefore, be said that in NGRI the defendant is considered â€Å"not guilty† of a criminal act if he is able to meet insanity defense standards. Civil proceedings and not criminal punishment is applied with regard to their confinement. In GBMI, it is more of an outcome, rather than a defense, that implies the guilt or criminal culpability of the defendant and therefore criminal sanctions and punishment, including imprisonment, apply to him. Saying that he is â€Å"but mentally ill† only indicates an existing mental disorder during the offense and/or judgment and does not lessen his guilt and criminal responsibility. There was no significant reduction in insanity acquittals following the adoption of GBMI in the following states. Although in Pennsylvania and Georgia, NGRI acquittals were lessened. Those acquitted as NGRI are confined for treatment in the forensic ward of a mental hospital. Psychiatrists are then assigned by the court to determine the progress of the patient and whether he has recuperated and regained his sanity. Conditional release program ensures a thorough monitoring of insanity acquittees. A person who becomes eligible for release has his case reviewed by a multidisciplinary committee or a psychiatric security review board. A decision for release is based and dependent on a set of conditions that the individual must follow to reduce danger to him. The individual is then watched and observed in the community. Failure to meet the set conditions will lead to his return to a 24-hr facility.

Low in business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Low in business - Essay Example In the UK, â€Å"Product liability law defines a defective product as existing when the safety of the product is below that which consumers are entitled to expect†¦The standard of proof required by the court is such that the person claiming compensation must be able to show†¦that the defect in the product caused the injury or damage† (â€Å"UK Product Liability Law,† 2009). In one case of product liability, â€Å"[an individual] helped his mother attach [a] product to his younger brothers pushchair. One of the elastic straps slipped and lashed back. The buckle attached to the elastic strap hit him in the eye causing serious, permanent damage. The claimant sued Mothercare, the supplier of the product, claiming damages in negligence and also under the Consumer Protection Act† (â€Å"Abouzaid v. Mothercare (UK) Ltd.,† 2009). Brian is a budding semi-professional roller skater, and ha been practising for a national roller skating competition in which he was the favourite to win a 5000-pound prize. Albert asked James (Phillip’s younger brother and sales associate at Cretins Ltd.) whether the store had any skates suitable for semi-professional skating. Not only did Brian fall, but he brought his father down with him. Brain sustained a broken ankle, which would prevent him from skating for a year—while Albert sustained a broken arm in the accident. This is an incidence of where product liability would come into play. â€Å"Products liability refers to the liability of any or all parties along the chain of manufacture of any product for damage caused by that product. This includes the manufacturer of component parts (at the top of the chain), an assembling manufacturer, the wholesaler, and the retail store owner† (â€Å"Product Liability—US,† 2009). There are multiple possibilities. â€Å"Products liability law consists of a mixture of tort law and contract law†¦Aspects that relate to

Negotiations - hypothetical analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Negotiations - hypothetical analysis - Essay Example It is back-and-forth communication designed to reach an agreement when you and the other side have some interests that are shared and others that are opposed.† Since there are two or more parties to a negotiation, the common belief is that one must win and the other has to lose. In this internet age, impacted by materialistic civilization, this approach will not hold good. The settlement arrived through good negotiations leads to a win-win situation, where all are winners. The author has articulated a simple and straightforward five-step system that covers the important aspect of negotiations and explains how to go about it in the practical world. The five concepts of negotiations chartered by Roger Fisher that I will put into practice to resolve the issue related to the three girl students (swimmers) are: 1. Don’t bargain over positions They call me "spineless" "heartless" "incompetent" and "lazy" in the third meeting. They also say "We've heard about you. We know that you got this job because two other school districts fired you for incompetence." I am not interested in contesting their claims. When an individual is angry, one says so many things which one actually doesn’t mean! By their verbal slangs, no damage is done to my approach and it is unlikely to change my working style. Try to understand the meanings of the words of their outburst. They have no connectivity. I will not argue with them on the issue for the present. Every argument has a counter argument, but that will not lead to solution. That two other school districts fired me for my incompetence is an incorrect statement. That they fired me is a fact; but that was due to differences as for my conciliatory approach to certain issues related to the students. That the management of the school where I am at present working is aware of the facts related to the cases, and yet they have appointed me as the Principal. They must be having their own reasons for having engaged me. My per spective of running the school administration meets with their approval. I do not believe in giving instant, harsh punishments to the students. I am supposed to look after an academic institution, not a military establishment, to take summary decisions. 2. Separate the people from the problem I would advise the parents of the bullied girl, to keep a low profile for the time being, in the overall interest of all concerned. This issue is going to be resolved, but not on their drastic terms. Expulsion is a serious step that leaves highly unpleasant consequences. It affects the future of the children, damages their psychology, and they may find it difficult to face the societal reactions. Expulsions are often challenged in the court of law, and an academic institution would like to avoid legal hassles, as far as possible. I love my student; she is like my daughter, as much as you love your daughter. Expulsion is the permanent black spot in the academic career of a student and it must be avoided at all costs. 3. Focus on interests, not positions My interest, as the Principal of the school, is to maintain the overall cordial atmosphere in the school, not the interest of just 2-3 students. I now propose to invite to the school the parents of the two students, who allegedly bullied the daughter of the parents who are the complainants. Bullying is a common trend amongst the students though, and in the present case jealousy, that the bullied girl is a superior swimmer is the root cause of the problem. I will also request the college swimming coach to counsel them individually and collectively, and if the feud is not ended immediately, their swimming career may be at stake and they will be removed from the college swimming team. So, along with the reputation of the college, their

Fight Club Essay Example for Free

Fight Club Essay In the movie â€Å"Fight Club† is about the narrator, Jack’s, fantasy of an alternate reality, his personal shadow. Tyler Durden represents Jack’s unconscious collective shadow. Jack, the protagonist, has a meaningless, boring and empty life, and suffers from insomnia. Jack tries to lend color to his insignificant life by purchasing new commodities like his furniture which are the fetish items of the narrator and they provide him with more meaningful existence. Jack has a dull life and he could not find any time for his hobbies due to his busy business life. He has no girlfriend or even a close friend. He does nothing to have fun and he suppresses all his instincts for pleasure in his unconscious. Although he is not happy about his life, every morning he wakes up, goes to work and travels frequently. He suffers from insomnia because he is suppressing his shadow. Later, he finds the idea of participating in cancer and disease support groups. Jack lacks the courage to confront his shadow. Instead, Jack indentifies with her persona, the role the world expects him to play. As the movie progresses Jack gradually begins to become aware of his shadow, and how it motivates his behavior. It is only by doing so that he begins the process of self-realization. One criticism that will be made is that the movie depicts a superficial and incomplete process of self-realization. â€Å"Jung considers the confrontation with the shadow, with one’s own evil, to be of the great psychological value. Understanding something about one’s shadow side is the beginning of self-knowledge. Without the realization of the shadow all real further psychological progress is blocked† (34). As I mentioned before, Tyler Durden is the collective unconscious side of Jack. In other words, Tyler represents the shadow of the narrator in â€Å"political confrontation†. Jack projects onto Tyler, the enemy side, which we view as hopelessly corrupt, sadistic, vindictive, and inhuman. â€Å"The collective shadow, viewed as a component of the collective unconscious, is the archetype of collective evil and can be represented by such archetypal images as the Devil, the Enemy, the Bad Guys, and the Evil Empire† (33-4). Tyler slowly begins to take control away from the narrator. The narrator gets pleasure from Tyler’s crazy, uncontrolled behaviors because Tyler does the things that the narrator imagines doing unconsciously, but was unable to do because of ociety pressure, which encouraged repressing his desires. Jung states, â€Å"Your shadow, the imperfect being in you that follows after and does everything which you are loath to do, all the things you are too cowardly or too decent to do† (35). The narrator gets pleasure from these anarchistic behaviors. Tyler also destroys the narrator’s house in order to prevent him from continuing his virtual life. Then, Tyler initiates a reaction like Jung’s shadow conception, full of violence and sexuality. He manifests his violence and forms an underground boxing club called Fight Club. Hopeless people like Bob who has testicular cancer and many other people who are not happy about their lives, which are full of suppressed emotions and societal pressures, join Fight Club. Tyler also satisfies his sexual instincts with Marla whereas the narrator fails to do so. Tyler becomes a cult hero and he even manages to get paid without ever going to work because of the shadow’s charisma, self-confidence and revolutionary aspect. However, after a while we start to realize the negative effects of the shadow. The shadow, Tyler Durden, takes control completely and he gets out of balance. Fight Club becomes an anarchistic group and Tyler prepares a big plan (Project Mayhem) for destroying all the banks, financial sector buildings. Tyler is thus transformed into a public enemy who wants to destroy the capitalist system. In the movie, Tyler says, â€Å"It is only when you have lost everything, you are free to do anything†. He wants to live in a primitive society in which everyone has nothing and everyone is equal. This feeling comes to his mind because of the influence of the shadow archetype. As Jung mentioned, archetypes are characteristics that reflect our primitive nature. Tyler rants, â€Å"You are not your job, you are not your money in your bank account†. The shadow becomes very destructive, violent and dangerous as Tyler clearly becomes a monster who threatens society. Tyler sees society and the capitalist system as his enemies. Tyler shows us exactly all the aspects of Jung’s shadow concept: violence, sexuality, self-confidence, charisma, courage, madness and a lack of balance. What makes Tyler so strong is the narrator’s error in repressing his shadow for such a long time. After a period, the narrator understands that his conscious mind was taken over for a while and he begins to fight Tyler. He gets rid of Tyler in the last scene by shooting himself and thus by metaphorically reducing the influence of the shadow, Tyler in his mind. The narrator thus achieves a new psychical balance and gets rid of his shadow Tyler Durden. Jung explains, â€Å"Consequently, the murder of the hero represents the need for change, for a ‘revaluation of earlier values,’ at midlife. The shadow figures of savage and dwarf represents the murderous energy as well as the insight, the shadow wisdom, needed to kill the hero and to transcend a youthful heroic attitude toward life†.

Evaluating Organisation Values and Structure

Evaluating Organisation Values and Structure Organization culture can be defined as a functional element of a business that comprise of organizational values, experiences and beliefs and the cultural norms of the organization. The specific collection of these values and attributes are shared by the employees within an organization and are controlled according to the level of interaction between them. The main protectors of organizational cultures are the employees within the organization and the stakeholders outside the organization. Thus this report discusses the key aspects of organizational culture and behaviour and also covers basic theories related to organizational management. Organizational values can be attributed to the beliefs and ideas of the individuals within the organizations regarding the strategic goals. The organizational values are conveyed right from the top of the organizational pyramid to the bottom. As far as organizational culture is concerned, there are various factors comprising of the organizational culture. These factors include employees, creation of values, growth, commitment, motivation and future emphasis. Organizational values and culture influences the kind of behaviour individuals carry within a work place. Thus these are the basic concept regarding organizational culture and values. It is a well known fact that an organization cannot succeed without a sound organizational culture and positive behaviour of the individuals comprising the organization. There are various factors that influence the behaviour of individuals and are an important part of the organizational culture. All these phenomenons and other activities such as coordination, task allocations which are collectively directed towards achieving the organizational objectives consist of the organizational structure. Most of the organizations have organization structures comprising of the clustered entities. The structure of an organization depends of its objectives and the strategies which are formulated to achieve these objectives. Organizational structure enables giving responsibilities for different business operations to various business entities such as department, workgroup or team, individuals and many more. If an organization doesnt have a sound structure, there are chances that it might face difficulties in achieving its objectives. We shall now discuss organizational structure and culture in more detail. Organizations witness different cultures because they consist of different types of individuals. The culture within an organization has direct implications on its performance and also reflects its values and beliefs. If there is no alignment between the organizational culture and the companys business strategies, the company will struggle to work with full potential and satisfy the objectives of its stakeholders. There are many types of organizational cultures as suggested by various academic scholars. First of all, there can be Collaborate organizational culture which is found where the workplace is open and friendly and employees share lot of things among themselves. Next is the Create culture wherein the workplace is dynamic, entrepreneurial and innovative and experimentation is considered to be the driving factor for development. Then we have the Control culture wherein the organization is very structured and formal and employee behaviour is governed by the set rules and procedur es. Finally, we have Competitive culture which is observed in the results seeking organizations with employees being highly competitive, goal-oriented and productive. Thus these are different types of organizational cultures which have direct or indirect effects of business performance. The main factor of organizational structure and culture that drives the performance is leadership. Leadership is characterized by the focus on internal business environment, organizational effectiveness and business results. Thus all the organizations thrive to create a sustainable and robust culture that ensures future viability of the business and enhanced performance. Figure 1 explains the main factors of organizational culture and its impact on performance. Figure1: Organizational Culture and Performance Factors influencing Individual behaviour Individual behaviour within a workplace is influenced by various factors such as emotions, culture, persuasion, values, norms, ethics and personal attitudes. The main factor influencing human behaviour is the work environment and organizational culture. For example, if an employee is highly motivates within a workplace, he/she would develop a positive approach towards work and the productivity will increase along with the profits. On the other hand, if an individual faces issues such as ignorance, demoralization, corruption and unethical behaviour, this will have a negative impact of the individuals behaviour. Moreover the individuals abilities and skills, perception and personality also help in determining his/her behaviour within an organization. Thus there are the main factors that affect an individuals behaviour within an organization. Organizational Theories There are various organizational theories in academic literature using which the organizations survive in the competitive market. The foremost organizational theory is the contingency theory which suggests that whenever the company management takes important decision, they should consider all the aspects of the companys current performance and act accordingly. Next is the systems theory which considers the organizations in a broader perspective and helps in interpreting the market and anticipating the needs of customers. Then we have the scientific management theory which helps in accurate measurement and monitoring of organizational tasks and also the strategies developed in order to achieve these goals. Finally there is the human relations theory which supports the idea of trade unions and government regulations. According to this theory, more emphasis is given to employees and their potential in the organization. The main culture and subculture within an organization plays an important role in the company and is also vital for its success or failure. Thus these are the basic organizational theories that play a significant role in organizational management. These theories help in every aspect of organizational management as they help is management operations such as sales forecast, performance monitoring, decision making, enhancing the business networks and so on. Thus we shall now discuss about management theories and organizational culture of two organizations namely Google and Microsoft. Google have very different and unique approaches towards management. The main management approach of Google is effective employee handling and motivation by providing a wonderful experience at work. All Google employees are called as Googlers and the whole organizational culture of Google is very unique. For example, employees have the liberty to comment on the companys strategies or give suggestions to the top management personals. The company management principles consider all its employees equally important for the success of the company. Googlers were allowed to carry their pets at workplace, were given free lunch and snacks and other amenities. Thus one can clearly suggest that Googles zero percent employee turnover rate is an excellent testament to its respectable organizational culture. Moving onto Microsoft, managers here are described as Mentors and employees as Pupils. Mentors in Microsoft carry high profile with a wealth of knowledge and experience whereas pupils are encouraged to be hard-working and enthusiastic to take risks. Microsoft has been successful over the years by using a sound organizational structure. The company is managed by 10 Board of Directors who are elected every year. The company is sub-categorized into various teams that handle critical aspects of business. All the employees of Microsoft share the same values and beliefs and the expectations they have from the company. These shared views affect the companys performance, decision making and also team performance. Employees are allowed to grow within the company as a part of the strong organizational culture Microsoft has. Thus over the years, Microsoft has successfully used its organizational culture and resources in order to achieve its business objectives. Thus these are the different approaches towards management of two organizations namely Google and Microsoft. There is one thing common between the two companies as far as the role of technology in organizational culture is concerned. Both the companies are equipped with latest technological gadgets that make it easy for them to give good performance, analyze markets, anticipate future forecasts and many more. One can clearly comment that indeed the organizational culture and sound approaches towards organizational management are the basic elements needed by the organization to have an edge over its rivals. Thus we shall now discuss about various leadership styles and their effectiveness in leadership approaches. Importance of different leadership styles Leadership style can be defined as the effective behaviour of leaders towards achieving team objectives and management of the team. It can also be considered as the way of giving direction to others, implementing strategies and motivating individuals. There are numerous leadership styles discussed in the academic history. We shall now discuss about different leadership styles and their importance in organizational performance. The first is autocratic style where all the decision making authority lies with the leader. Here the leader doesnt pay much attention to the suggestions given to him/her and all the initiatives taken are the leaders responsibility. The only advantage here is that the leader possesses extreme wealth of knowledge and experience which is used to achieve organizational goals. Next is the Participative style wherein the leader consults his/her group of team before making decisions. This is very advantageous as far as team performance is concerned. This style also he lps members of the team to self motivate by taking active part in team discussions. Democratic leadership style ensures that the leader takes the final decision but consults a couple of individuals regarding the decision making process. This leadership style is a sign of strength as it helps in earning the respect from employees. Finally we have the free reign leadership style, wherein employees are allowed to take their own decisions. However the responsibility of the decision lies on the leaders shoulder but this helps the employees to analyze situations and determine the strategies. Here the tasks are generally completed based on the priority factor of an individual task. Thus these are some of the leadership styles that the leaders in real world carry with themselves in order to complete tasks or achieve organizational goals. There are various factors that influence the different leadership styles within the organization. These include available time, responsibility, and possession of information, knowledge of employees, internal conflicts, and stress levels, type of objectives and finally the rules and regulations of the organization. All these factors highly influence the leadership styles in a way that there is lot of uncertainty that same style would be used for the whole process of achieving organizational objectives. Thus these are the main issues regarding different leadership styles and their effectiveness. Motivation Theories In order to discuss the application of motivational theories within a workplace, we shall first discuss about different types motivational theories. The first is the incentive theory wherein a tangible or an intangible reward or benefit is given to the employee after completion of a particular task or exceptional services. According to this theory, the reward given to the employee will motivate him/her to continue giving exceptional service to the organization and develop positive attitude towards work. Next is the need motivational theory suggesting that the needs and wants of a human being reflect the type of performance given by them. The fulfilment of one need motivates individuals to work harder in order to fulfil the next need or a want. Over the years, there has been very strong relationship between the motivation theories and management practices in organizations. Motivation theories are the driving factors that positively influence the performance of individuals and hence the company. On the other hand, management theories cover effective administration as well as the business. Both these theories are interrelated and work together. For example, a manager motivates an employee by giving certain benefits or rewards for hard work and as a result the productivity of the employee goes up and so does the profits of the company. In this case, the manager applied motivation theory and the whole process comes under the management theory which includes using relevant resources in order to meet the objectives or get the work done. Moreover, if a sound motivation theory is not applied then the overall process of management has chances of not meeting the expected outcomes. Thus one can clearly suggest that indeed, the motivat ion theories have sound influence on the management theories within any given organization. Thus we shall now try to evaluate the nature and work behaviour of groups or teams and also discuss the factors that lead to their failure or effectiveness. Team effectiveness and failure A very common practice observed within many organizations is the formation and working in teams. Working in team enables completion of goals with team efforts and condensing bigger objectives into smaller individual tasks. Teams can be formed within an organization with different departments, rank of employees, based on projects and also based on abilities of individuals. In the case of team efforts, the whole team is responsible for completion of the given task and if one member underperforms then it can affect the performance of the whole team. Thus specific groups are formed in order to complete the given task in a specific manner which a single individual cannot perform. Groups or teams have different natures or behaviours which influence their performance. The team or group can be ambitious, enthusiastic, hard-working, motivated, inexperienced, disorganized and many more. All these factors directly or indirectly lead to the team effectiveness or failure. The factors or behaviour of the team that leads to its effectiveness are high morale, motivation, energetic, high experience, well coordinated and hard working. For example, if a team has these factors then it can easily coordinate and work hard collectively in order to achieve team goals. On the other hand, factors such as individual concerns, lack of coordination, dissatisfaction among members, over ambitious leader, low morale and lack of experience can lead to the team failure within an organization. For example, if a team has less experience and coordination among team members, then it is obvious that the performance cannot be enhanced and thus leading to the team failure. Thus these are the main factors that affect the whole performance of the team and which lead to the team effectiveness or failure. We shall now analyze the role of technology on team functioning within an organization. Impact of Technology on Team Functioning In todays world, almost all the businesses are loaded with technology and make the full use of technological equipments in order to run their administration tasks. Technologies such as e-mails, mobile phones, Blackberry, groupware, computers and laptops have played significant role in improving team performance. For example, if team members are not at a same place, they can still have a communication via the e-mail. Mobile phones have brought a big revolution in the world of technology which helps team members when they are out of the office, on the road or otherwise unavailable. Groupware helps the team members to plan important meetings and collaborate in a virtual environment which can be accessed from all parts of the world. Finally computers and laptops allow team members to use internet and perform various business tasks very easily. Thus these are the main factors that have a deep impact on the team functioning. There are so many other technological factors that influence the team performance. For example, there has been extensive advancement in the technological gadgets such as video conferencing, web cam, fax, printers, scanners and many more have direct or indirect influence on team functioning. As far as information technology is concerned, it helps the team to perform back-end operations such as monitoring sales forecast, managing customer database, conducting business through websites, using various software and many more. Information technology plays a vital role in todays organizations and is the determining factor for the success or failure of the organization. The development of information technology over the years is showing no signs of slowing down. A region-wide Wi-Fi and nanotechnology are the latest inventions that boost all the aspects of business functionalities. Thus these are the main impacts of technology on the team as wells as business functioning. Conclusion Thus one can clearly suggest from all the above discussions that indeed a sound organizational culture and organizational structure plays the determining factor for the success or failure of the organization. In this competitive business environment, all the companies are constantly trying to improve their organizational culture so that they can have an edge over their competitors. Employees are a very important aspect of organizational culture and thus there are various factors that influence individual behaviour at the workplace. Thus these organizational theories underpin all the basic principles of management. The example of Google and Microsoft explained that how a sound organizational culture helped the companies to progress toward their desired goals. An organization consists of various individuals and these individuals can work together forming various teams among themselves. As we have seen, there are many factors that affect the team performance and thus a positive organizational culture will always have a positive impact on the team performance. Finally, the use of technology in recent years has been the driving factor in the effective working of a team or an individual or a company.

Ludlow And Dudley Castle :: Papers

Ludlow And Dudley Castle Ludlow Caste was built around 1085. Castles built around this time were mostly Motte and Bailey. This made a good defence but was not typical of castle defences. Ludlow Castle was the first stone castle, which was unusual. Because of its Royal Connections a lot of money was spent on Ludlow Castle especially on better defences. Dudley Castle on the other hand is different and is a Motte and Bailey castle. Motte and Bailey castles are typical and were common. Later on Dudley Castle was demolished and remade into a stone castle. Dudley Castle is built on a natural hill, which is a good defence whilst Ludlow Castle is not built on a hill but has a steep 100ft drop. A steep drop makes it harder for the enemy to climb up or attack. This defence is not typical because no other castle will have a 100ft drop. This is an excellent choice of location and makes an ideal defence. Dudley Castle has evidence of a Motte running around because I noticed a pond and ditch like features. Ludlow Castle only had a ditch around the inner bailey. We know this is not a Motte because it has a door room inside the ditch; this is probably where they went through to collect the dead bodies of their enemies. Both castles have barbicans and both castles also have high walls. Ludlow Castle has a river and so has a drawbridge. Dudley and Ludlow Castle both have crenellations. Ludlow Castle also has machicolations this meant that it was well defended as they could throw missiles from the flanking towers above. The most typical thing about both castles is that they both have a Keep, which was the most important part of the castle. Most of Ludlow Castles' defences are typical but it has a few which are original. For example the 100ft drop. I think Ludlow's defences are very strong and it would be hard to conquer. [IMAGE] [IMAGE] Sirrvet Bukhari 11W Ludlow And Dudley Castle Coursework